低信誉网站托管服务清单

一些黑灰产网站出于监管和成本考虑，常会使用一些特定供应商的服务，作为其网络资产的组成。检测这些特定的、可疑的服务信息，可以帮助防御者建立信誉度检测系统，以及辅助人工的威胁研判。

以下就是整理一些黑灰产常利用的网站托管相关服务（主要整理自WebOas.is提供的"How To Host Questionable Websites"[1]一文）。

顶级域名

.am - 亚美尼亚
.cr - 哥斯达黎加国家及地区
.ec -厄瓜多尔
.is - 冰岛
.lt - 立陶宛
.mu - 毛里求斯
.rs - 塞尔维亚
.si - 斯洛文尼亚
.st - 圣多美和普林西比
.su - 前苏联
.top - 中国
.tw - 中国台湾

反向代理

https://ddos-guard.net
https://www.cloudflare.com
https://www.stackpath.com/products/ddos-protection/
https://bitmitigate.com
https://blazingfast.io/ddos
https://www.geniusguard.com
https://www.x4b.net https://javapipe.com/ddos/
https://www.hyperfilter.com
https://www.ovh.com/world/ssl-gateway/
https://sucuri.net
https://stormwall.network
https://www.siberdc.com/en/firewall-service/
https://www.imperva.com
https://www.voxility.com/anti-ddos
https://www.gigsgigscdn.com
https://shovl.io
https://coinshost.com/en/ddos-protection
https://versaweb.com/ddosprotection.php
https://qrator.net/en
https://vsys.host/ddos-protection
https://variti.com
https://www.nooder.net
https://vanwa.tech
https://proxy.is
https://cloud-shield.ru
https://fluxcdn.com
https://projectshield.withgoogle.com
https://koddos.net
https://www.reblaze.com
https://bytefend.com
https://pro-managed.com/en/
https://hi-load.biz

域名注册商

中国香港

https://now.top
https://cnobin.com

俄罗斯

https://xuid.ru/domains.php
https://cheapprivacy.ru
https://ru-tld.ru
https://ahnames.com

其他

https://njal.la - Sweden & Nevis
https://flokinet.is - Iceland & Seychelles
https://nicevps.net - Dominica
https://www.epik.com - Free Speech USA!
https://www.bitdomain.biz - Unknown
https://regery.com - Ukraine
https://sarek.fi - Finland

Fast-flux服务

注：Fast-flux技术是指不断改变域名和IP地址映射关系的一种技术，攻击者可以将多个IP地址的集合链接到某个特定的域名，并将新的地址从DNS记录中换入换出，用于回避检测

https://xuid.ru
https://www.privatealps.net

DNS服务

https://dns.he.net
https://www.1984hosting.com
https://www.cloudns.net
https://www.dnspod.com
https://misaka.io/dns/

IRC服务

注：IRC 是一种基于文本的应用层通信协议，常用于安全的群组、一对一通讯

https://sisrv.net/ircd/
https://www.xzibition.com/ircds.php
https://evolution-host.com/ircdhost.php

电子邮件转发

https://forwardemail.net/en
https://improvmx.com
https://www.33mail.com
https://anonaddy.com

Tor主机

注：Tor是用于匿名通讯的开源软件，用户可透过Tor接达由全球志愿者免费提供的覆盖网络，常用于隐藏用户真实地址、避免网络监控及流量分析

https://onehostcloud.hosting
https://impreza.host/en/
https://ablative.hosting
https://hosting.danwin1210.me

主机供应商

Costa Rica|哥斯达黎加

https://www.racknation.cr
https://www.navegalo.com/datacenter/
http://www.crservers.com

Estonia|爱沙尼亚

https://iphosten.net
https://ugb.ee

Hungary|匈牙利

https://www.mikrovps.net/en
https://serverastra.com
https://xethost.com
https://rackforest.com/en/
https://vps4you.hu/en/

Iceland|冰岛

https://www.1984hosting.com
https://www.orangewebsite.com
https://flokinet.is

Kazakhstan|哈萨克斯坦

http://idhost.kz/site/index/lang/en/
https://gohost.kz/?language=english
https://www.ps.kz
https://goodhost.kz

Latvia|拉脱维亚

https://garmtech.lv
https://serveria.com
https://www.dataclub.eu
https://2cloud.eu/en
https://www.virsma.com
https://www.yourserver.se
https://firsthost.lv/en

Moldova|摩尔达维亚

https://alexhost.com
https://www.stephost.md
https://www.trabia.com
https://innovahosting.net
https://amplica.net
https://gnt.md
https://ihost.md/en/

Macedonia|马其顿

https://qhost.mk/en/
https://en.telesmart.mk
https://unet.com.mk

Netherlands|荷兰

https://nicevps.net
https://www.nforce.com
https://anonymously.io
https://bladeservers.eu
https://www.seedvps.com
https://www.maple-hosting.com
https://spectraip.net
https://skb-enterprise.com
https://infiumhost.com/en/
https://libertyvps.net
http://novogara.com
https://elkupi.com
https://xor.sc
https://dmzhost.co
https://antagonist.nl
https://liteserver.nl
https://finalhosting.nl
https://www.tilaa.com/en/
https://yisp.nl https://hostslick.com
https://www.hostkey.com
https://www.hostslim.eu
https://www.weservit.nl/en/
https://www.worldstream.com/en/
https://koddos.net
https://whattheserver.me
https://lyrahosting.com
https://www.snel.com
https://www.privatehost.com
https://www.estoxy.com
https://peenq.nl
https://lunarvps.com
https://deltahost.com
https://www.cloud-layer.net

Bangladesh|孟加拉国

https://www.xeonbd.com
https://alpha.net.bd
https://www.hifiserver.com
https://gotipath.com

Vietnam|越南

https://en.tnd.vn
https://vinahost.vn/en
https://www.pavietnam.vn/en/
https://vietserver.vn
https://www.bkns.vn
https://123host.vn/en/

Taiwan|中国台湾

https://serverfield.com.tw
https://hostinginside.com

Bosnia|波斯尼亚

https://www.qsscloud.ba/?lang=en
https://www.centohost.com
https://netsaap.com

Lithuania|立陶宛

https://www.hostika.lt/en/
https://serveroffer.lt
https://www.hostens.com
https://www.time4vps.com

Croatia|克罗地亚

https://www.maxko-hosting.com
https://mydataknox.com
https://www.croweb.host

Panama|巴拿马

https://offshoreracks.com
https://panamaserver.com
https://www.ccihosting.com

Russia|俄罗斯

https://intersect.host
https://profitserver.ru/en/
https://www.it-sakh.net/en/
https://veesp.com/en/
https://vscale.io/en/
https://vdsina.ru
https://ruvds.com/en-usd
https://flops.ru/en/
https://team-host.ru
https://cloud-shield.ru
https://ddos-guard.net
https://justhost.ru
https://theideahosting.com
https://pw-service.com
https://ihor.online
https://sshvps.net/ru
https://flowspec.ru/en/
https://ipserver.su/en
https://pinvds.com/eng_pinvds_home
https://eliteteam.to
https://pro-managed.com/en/
https://www.reg.ru
https://powervps.ru/en.html
https://en.datacheap.ru
https://eng.netrack.ru
https://www.justg.com
http://infiumhost.com

Serbia|塞尔维亚

https://www.mcloud.rs/en
https://ninet.rs/en
https://unlimited.rs/en
https://www.bits.rs/active/en/home.html

Sweden|瑞典

https://icmenet.com
https://www.binero.cloud/en
http://www.portlane.com/en/
https://svea.net
https://prq.se
https://vps.keff.org
https://bahnhof.net
https://www.yourserver.se
https://tranquillity.se

Switzerland|瑞士

https://www.cloudscale.ch/en/
http://privatelayer.com
https://datacenterlight.ch
https://www.pihost.ch
https://www.securebit.ch
https://exohop.net
https://swiss-vps.com
https://store-host.com
https://coin.host
https://www.marbell.com
https://solarcom.ch/en
https://en.datasource.ch
https://exoscale.com
https://swissmade.host/en/
https://www.fsit.com

Ukraine|乌克兰

https://hostfory.com
https://server.ua/en
https://hostpro.ua/en/
https://0x2a.com.ua/en/
https://besthosting.ua/en
https://www.atomohost.com/en/
https://mirohost.net/en
https://vsys.host
https://hyperhost.ua/en
https://www.urdn.com.ua
https://uavps.net/en
https://www.colocall.net/en/
https://vikhost.com
https://netengi.com
https://deltahost.com
https://host.ua
https://xserver.ua/en/

USA|美国

https://buyvm.net
https://spartanhost.org
https://sporestack.com
https://nearlyfreespeech.net
https://1776hosting.com
https://www.epik.com
https://capsul.org
https://bitvps.com
https://skysilk.com
https://bithost.io
https://billing.cnservers.com/

Turkey|土耳其

https://www.spd.net.tr/en/
https://www.hosthink.net
https://hostigger.com
https://www.venois.com
https://www.digiturunc.com
https://www.meric.net.tr

Romania|罗马尼亚

https://intovps.com
https://hostsolutions.ro
https://www.voxility.com/dedicated-server
https://cockbox.org
https://cryptoho.st
https://www.alistaro.ro
https://www.virtono.com
https://hostmaze.com
https://www.ch-center.com
https://www.layerbridge.com
https://www.host-expert.eu

Iran|伊朗

https://www.ouriran.com
https://parsvds.com
https://pars.host/en/
https://asiatech.cloud
https://www.parsdata.com/en-US/
https://server.ir
https://iranhost.com
https://www.day.ir
https://www.diakoweb.com
https://www.faraso.org
https://talashnet.com/en/vps/

其他

https://www.qhoster.com - Many Locations
https://magicnethosting.com - Many Locations
https://aminserve.com - Many Locations
https://www.superbithost.com - Many Locations
https://www.shinjiru.com - Many Locations
https://bp-servers.com - Many Locations
https://www.trilightzone.org - Many Locations
https://www.altushost.com - Many Locations
https://dedi.al - Many Locations
https://abcvg.net - Many Locations
https://danama.ru - Many Locations
https://www.privex.io - Many Locations
https://www.internoc24.host - Many Locations
https://1gbits.com - Many Locations
https://www.99stack.com - Many Locations
https://hosthatch.com - Many Locations
https://4server.su - Many Locations
https://wolfisp.com/en/ - Many Locations
https://www.mvps.net - Many Locations
https://monovm.com - Many Locations
https://www.routerhosting.com - Many Locations
https://exservers.net - Many Locations https://bpw.sc - Many Locations
https://www.hostzealot.com - Many Locations
https://fullvpsserver.com - Many Locations
https://hostin.energy/en/ - Many Locations
https://wavelayer.com - Many Locations
https://www.hostzealot.com - Many Locations
https://legionbox.com - Many Locations
https://itldc.com/en/ - Many Locations
https://abusehosting.net/index_en.html - Many Locations
https://www.hostplay.com - Many Locations
https://dedic.store - Many Locations
https://seven.network - Many Locations
https://hostroyale.com - Many Locations
https://www.w3space.net - Bangladesh, Hungary, Romania
https://ialgo.com -Belarus
https://theonionhost.com - Bulgaria & Netherlands
https://www.blueangelhost.com - Bulgaria & Russia & Netherlands
https://www.ctclouds.com - China / Hong Kong (Crazy Expensive)
https://www.opencloud.cl - Chile
https://infofractual.io/en/ - Chile
https://skylonhost.com - Czech Republic
https://finaltek.com - Czech Republic
https://www.citynethost.com - Egypt
https://www.yatadatacenter.com - Egypt
https://cloud9.ge - Georgia
https://web.senang.online - India
https://earthlink.iq - Iraq
http://angani.co - Kenya
https://illyhosting.com - Kosovo
https://laodc.com - Laos
https://idmweb.net - Lebanon
https://datapacket.ma - Morocco
https://hostsailor.com - Netherlands & Romania
https://pq.hosting/en/ - Netherlands & Russia & Moldova
https://www.king-servers.com/en/ - Netherlands & Russia
https://prohoster.info/en/ - Netherlands & Russia
https://speedhost247.com - Netherlands & Russia
https://offshorededi.com - Netherlands & Ukraine & Bulgaria
https://webcare360.com - Netherlands & Ukraine & Bulgaria
https://zomro.net - Netherlands & Ukraine
https://www.blix.com - Norway
https://www.obhost.net - Pakistan
https://www.neoserv.si - Slovienia
https://ginernet.com/en/ - Spain
https://sibyl.li - Switzerland & Netherlands & Norway
https://www.aplushosting.asia - Thailand
https://zomro.net - Ukraine & Netherlands

http://offshoreevps.org
http://cryto.net/~joepie91/bitcoinvps.html
https://www.getmonero.org/community/merchants/#hosting
https://offshore.tools
https://bitcoin-vps.com

References

[1] How To Host Questionable Websites, WebOas.is, https://weboas.is/media/host.pdf